Artificial Intelligence Programming Practice Exam 2025 - Free AI Programming Practice Questions and Study Guide

Game theory is the correct answer as it specifically focuses on the study of mathematical models that analyze situations wherein individuals or groups make decisions that affect one another, especially in contexts of conflict and cooperation. This field examines how strategic interactions among rational decision-makers can lead to various outcomes and optimal strategies. It provides a structured framework for evaluating situations such as competition, bargaining, and coalition formation, which are central in various disciplines including economics, political science, and psychology.

In contrast, probability relates more to the likelihood of events occurring rather than strategic decision-making among competing entities. Operations research employs mathematical and analytical methods to help make better decisions but is more focused on optimization and logistics rather than the inherent strategic interactions present in conflict and cooperation. Neuroscience investigates the biological processes of the nervous system, particularly the brain, and does not pertain to the analysis of strategic decision-making models. Thus, game theory is the most fitting description of the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation.